An Unexpectedly Long History 11 Facts You Probably Didn’t Know

Tattoos in Japan have a rich and complex history that spans thousands of years, encompassing various cultural and societal roles. From ancient myths to modern-day associations, the history of tattoos in Japan is both fascinating and multifaceted.

The Early History of Tattoos in Japan

Multiple Names for Tattoos

In Japan, there are several terms used to describe tattoos, each with its own nuances. These include "tattoo," "irezumi," "shisei," and "horimono." While "tattoo" is a loan word from English and is more commonly associated with Western-style tattoos, "irezumi," "shisei," and "horimono" are deeply rooted in Japanese culture. "Irezumi" and "shisei" are often used interchangeably, with "shisei" being the literary term for Japanese tattoos. "Horimono," which translates to "carving," was the prominent term during the Edo period.

Ancient Origins

The history of tattoos in Japan dates back to the early settlers. According to the "Wajinden," a historical Chinese chronicle, men in ancient Japan had tattooed faces and bodies. This custom may have existed even earlier, though there are no older records to confirm it. Over time, tattoos evolved into a custom or punishment practiced in outlying regions, as documented in the 8th-century texts "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki".

Cultural Significance in Hokkaido and Okinawa

Indigenous Tattoos

In Hokkaido, indigenous Ainu women had tattoos that were considered symbols of beauty and talismans. These tattoos, often around their lips and hands, were important symbols of marital status and were believed to be necessary for the afterlife. Similarly, in Okinawa, women had "hachiji," a type of tattoo mainly applied on the hands and arms, which signified rites of passage such as adulthood and marriage. These tattoos were celebrated as an important part of life and were believed to assist in the afterlife.

Suppression and Modern Associations

Government Ban and Cultural Suppression

In the 19th century, the Japanese government banned tattoos and made efforts to assimilate Okinawa and Hokkaido, leading to the suppression of these tattoo cultures. This ban significantly impacted the traditional tattooing practices, nearly extinguishing them.

Association with the Yakuza

Today, tattoos in Japan are often associated with the yakuza, Japan's organized crime syndicates. This association dates back to the Edo period when criminals were tattooed as a form of punishment. Despite this stigma, Japanese tattoos continue to be recognized for their artistic and cultural significance.

Modern-Day Significance

Artistic and Cultural Revival

Despite historical suppression, Japanese tattoos have experienced a revival in recent years. Modern artists continue to create intricate and beautiful designs that reflect the rich cultural heritage of Japan. These tattoos are not just art but also carry deep symbolic meanings, making them a significant part of Japanese cultural identity.

Understanding the Differences in Japanese Tattoos

Depth and Technique

The terms "irezumi," "shisei," and "horimono" are often distinguished by the depth of the needle penetration into the skin. "Irezumi" and "shisei" imply a deeper penetration, reflecting the traditional techniques used in Japanese tattooing. This distinction highlights the unique craftsmanship and cultural significance of these tattoos.

By exploring these facets of Japanese tattoo history, one can gain a deeper appreciation for the complex and multifaceted nature of this ancient art form.